The protection of troubled industries against import surges, called safeguard measures under WTO law, are controversially justified on the basis of economic concerns. This book reviews the economic literature bearing on the soundness of safeguard policies. It also addresses the complex legal issues relating to the constraints on safeguard measures under WTO law, and affords a thorough discussion and critical analysis of the WTO disputes in the area, including the most recent case involving measures protecting the U.S. steel industry.