Excerpt from Theodore Roosevelt and the Dakota BadlandsLittle Missouri River and its tributaries. From its source in western Wyoming the Little Missouri River winds in a northerly direction through the southeastern corner Of Montana and the northwestern corner Of South Dakota to join the Missouri River in west-central North Dakota.Before the Ice Age, the waters Of the Little Missouri, through the Yellowstone and Missouri Rivers, emptied into Hudson Bay. During the advance Of the continental glacier the outlet of the Little Missouri was blocked by the advancing ice, which diverted its course east to join the Missouri River near F ort Berthold. The elevation Of its new mouth was considerably lower than where it had joined the Yellow stone east Of Williston. The resulting down-cutting Of the river and its tributaries in a soil and rock cover easily susceptible to erosion con tributed to the formation Of the badlands topography.This arresting topography is the result Of geological processes oper ating over millions Of years. The surface rocks were laid down 40to 60 million years ago. At that time streams originating in the newly uplifted Rocky Mountains ¿owed eastward and deposited their sediments in lagoons, lakes, and deltas that existed then. In time, these layers of sediment were changed to rock strata, which were later uplifted and are now found over a large part of western North Dakota and eastern Montana. The vegetation which ¿ourished then was covered with sediments and later converted by tremendous pressures and other forces into lignite coal. Through the burning Of the lignite, some Of the upper clay beds were baked into a red brick-like rock, known locally as scoria, which now caps many of the buttes.About the PublisherForgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.comThis book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully, any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.