Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 24. Chapters: Middle-earth canon, Mythopoeia, Tom Shippey, Mythopoeic Awards, Marquette University Special Collections and University Archives, Tolkien research, Tolkien's legendarium, Matthew T. Dickerson, Michael D. C. Drout, Richard E. Blackwelder, Tolkien: A Look Behind "The Lord of the Rings", Diana Pavlac Glyer, David Day, Peter Gilliver, The History of The Hobbit, The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien, Douglas A. Anderson, Epic Pooh, The Complete Guide to Middle-earth, The History of Middle-earth, The Road to Middle-earth, Verlyn Flieger, The Company They Keep: C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien as Writers in Community, Walking Tree Publishers, John D. Rateliff, Martin Simonson, The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion, Karen Wynn Fonstad, Journeys of Frodo, The Atlas of Middle-earth, J. R. R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator, Mythlore, J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia, A Guide to Middle-earth, Wayne Hammond, Beowulf and the Critics, Christina Scull, J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography, The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide, J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century, The Individuated Hobbit, Tolkien's Ring. Excerpt: The term Middle-earth canon, also called Tolkien's canon, is used to loosely define the published writings of J. R. R. Tolkien regarding Middle-earth as a whole. The term is also used in Tolkien fandom to promote, discuss and debate the idea of a consistent fictional canon within a given subset of Tolkien's writings. The terms have been used by reviewers, publishers, scholars, authors and critics such as John Garth, Tom Shippey, Jane Chance and others to describe the published writings of J. R. R. Tolkien on Middle-earth as a whole. Other writers look to the entire body of work of the author as a "Tolkien canon", rather than a subset defined by the fictional "Middle-earth" setting. The works on Middle-earth published by Tolkien during his lifetime include The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings, The Adventures of Tom Bombadil, and The Road Goes Ever On. After Tolkien's death his son Christopher published The Silmarillion with many textual changes to knit several mostly unfinished manuscripts together as a coherent narrative. Further posthumous publications (with text more closely following Tolkien's original) include Unfinished Tales, The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien, Bilbo's Last Song, and The Children of Húrin. Christopher Tolkien also published the 12-volume History of Middle-earth, containing many texts, drafts, and notes by Tolkien (both early and late), together with Christopher's own extensive notes placing these in context. Further works authorized by the Tolkien Literary Estate include The History of The Hobbit in two volumes by John Rateliff and The Annotated Hobbit by Douglas Anderson, both with notes and early drafts by Tolkien. Linguistic material by Tolkien concerning Middle-earth has also been published with the permission of the Estate in two periodical publications. The Qenya and Gnomish Lexicons, in full, appear in Parma Eldalamberon Numbers 11¿16, other mostly self-contained fragments, notes, and poems appear in various issues of Vinyar Tengwar. All of t