The success of molecular biology and the new tools derived from molecular genetics have revolutionized pain research and its translation to therapeutic effectiveness. Bringing together recent advances in modern neuroscience regarding genetic studies in mice and humans and the practicality of clinical trials, this book examines rodent models for pain associated with bone cancer, osteoarthritis, and cardiac episodes. It covers the cloning of highly specific receptors and the analysis of modular molecular mechanisms relevant to painful neuropathies, while also considering the bearing of this trend toward translational research on the commercial pharmaceutical establishment.