Solid waste and water pollution due to the generation of landfill leachate are among one of the most serious environmental problems worldwide. Not many scientific books at university level addressing the two major environmental issues have been published. The monograph describes and presents a state-of-the-art review of landfill leachate treatment based on the literature survey of 525 articles on landfill leachate treatment published in the period of 1963-2011. In addition, this book examines and compares the technical applicability of individual physico-chemical treatments such as chemical precipitation, adsorption and membrane filtration in removing NH3-N and/or recalcitrant substances from landfill leachate. The extent of organic removal from the leachate is indicated by a reduction in COD (chemical oxygen demand) concentration after treatment. It goes without saying that the book will address the need of our societies, university students and policy makers on scientific/ engineering approaches to deal with global water pollution problems partly due to the generation of landfill leachate.