This latest volume in the World Yearbook of Education Series focuses on assessment systems and efforts to advance equity in education at a time of growing inequalities. It considers new economic trends and investigates how constraints appear to be influencing assessment and identification practices. The volume is organized around the following main issues: political motives behind the expansion of an assessment industry, the associated expansion of an SEN industry, and, growth in consequential accountability systems. It ultimately seeks to provide reframings and reconceptualizations of assessment and identification by offering new insights into economic and cultural trends influencing them.