In recent years, issues involving indigenous land rights have become an increasing prominent in Latin America, as indigenous peoples become more politically active. Less attention has been given, though, to where land rights come into conflict with environmental concerns and how indigenous people may respond. In the case of the Lacandón Jungle in Mexico, the Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN) has chosen to defend settler communities that have been accused of destroying those portions of the jungle located within the Montes Azules Biosphere Reserve. This study examines how the EZLN's position on Montes Azules is defined by the organisation's ideas regarding indigenous rights and indigenous identity. In doing so, it examines how cultural identity is shaped, and whether environmental problems can be examined as mere technical issues when they intersect with deeply rooted social problems and political conflicts. This book is addressed to Latin American historians, sociologists, journalists as well as those interested in social movements, environmental issues and indigenous studies.