1918. The author attempts to give an outline picture of Zoroastriansm, and then of Judaism when it came to be somewhat a fixed system in the post-exilic times, in order to give the leading religious, social, and moral conceptions in each faith. Contents: Zarathustra and the Zeit-Geist, Judaism, the idea of deity, the host of heaven, naturalistic traits, the expectation of a redeemer, civil, social, and ceremonial regulations, morals and ethics, the future life.