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Between 45-57% of South Africans are estimated to be engulfed by poverty. In an attempt to identify policy instruments that could help change this status quo, this book reviews the various strategies that have been implemented in countries (e.g. China, Vietnam and Uganda), which are known to have been relatively successful in reducing poverty. In the process, the literature regarding poverty is laboured upon, and this is done with a particular...

This book describes MD simulations of sputtering and radiation damage in ionic materials. The multipole method implemented within an MD code has been used to evaluate the long-range Coulombic forces. Computer visualisation and animation techniques have been used extensively to display simulation results and to obtain information such as cluster ejection. In the study of radiation damage, they have also been used to interpret the damage caused ...

Bullying behaviour is fast becoming a common feature in schools around the world. It is a practice that provokes concern, as it infringes upon the child's right to human dignity, privacy, freedom and security. The physical, emotional and educational consequences of bullying behaviour can never be underestimated (Oyaziwo, 2008). Limited research has been conducted in South Africa regarding the prevalence and possible long-term effects of chroni...

Speckle noise is an inherent nature of ultrasound images. In this research a compounding method based on wavelet shrinkage denoising (WSD) is studied. Wavelet shrinkage denoising is adopted not only because the noise can be effectively removed in wavelet domain, but also because the decomposition- reconstruction process could successfully divide the radio-frequency (RF) signals into several subsignals, which can be envelope detected and then s...

Milk production performance is one of the major economic traits for the selection programme in the dairy cattle.The reliable information on production, pedegree and progeny records for most of the cattle particularly in village conditions are not available. Therefore at the time of selection for individual superiority, it need to depend on body confirmation, external features, structure of udder, milk vein, milk well etc, because average confi...

Malaria, transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito, shows a significant rising trend in Africa and is a yet to be conquered disease.Of the species affecting humans, P. falciparium is the most virulent and found in tropical Africa, Asia and Latin America. Malaria is commonly reported as the leading cause of death from an infectious disease in Sub-saharan Africa. Treatment and control have become more difficult because of drug and vector resistances...

We describe a new Monte Carlo algorithm for the consistent and unbiased estimation of multidimensional integrals and the efficient sampling from multidimensional densities. The algorithm is inspired by the classical splitting method and can be applied to general static simulation models. We provide examples from rare-event probability estimation, counting, and sampling, demonstrating that the proposed method can outperform existing Markov chai...

Flexible structures (such as long-span suspension bridges which undergo moving load, wind or earthquake excitations) exhibit complex dynamic behavior. Due to high cost of strengthening such structures, as well as the technological advances in recent years, much attention has been given to using innovative means of enhancing structural functionality and safety against dynamic excitations. Among the methods used to mitigate the excessive vibrati...

Concerns with service quality in TIC and its measurement are really new. No one has ever demonstrated statistically how service quality can be improved in TIC by giving focus to customers. Thus, understanding, measuring and improving service quality is a formidable challenge for TIC since they compete with other international investment promotion agencies on the basis of attracting and retaining customers. It is in this context that this study...

HIV/AIDS represents a major bulwark to Africa''s progress. Since its discovery some 25 years ago, the disease has emerged as the most troubling public health hazard in recent memory. Recent literature on HIV/AIDS suggests that a complex mix of economic, social, cultural and political factors is driving-up the prevalence of the epidemic in Africa in particular, and the world at large. Although considerable efforts have been put in place to redu...

This book examines the aesthetic philosophies and the compositional approach of two contemporary composers, Arvo Part and John Tavener. They are often associated together for their spiritual approach to composition, and because much of their oeuvre is comprised of sacred choral music. A review of the literature is followed by an analysis of two representative works:Part''s Te Deum and Tavener''s Ikon of Light. Part''s technique of tintinnabuli...

The Industrial revolution and advances in Information and Communication Technology resulted in the explosion of published information, in the form of books, journals, conference proceedings etc. Variety of print and electronic indices have been developed to retain the control over this growth and to facilitate quick identification of relevant information. With the emergence of the Internet and the Web, today we are witnessing explosion of elec...

The extraterrestrial environment is the most hostile for the life of human beings. Spacecrafts are masterpiece of engineering solutions that enable life aloft, both on Earth orbit and outer space. The design of such habitats, where manned missions take place, represent a very challenging field of research for the Industrial Design discipline. This book presents the results of a research on the possible contribution of the this discipline to th...

This study revealed that optimal family well-being was characterized by (a) mobilization of positive personal coping resources in dealing with stroke- related disability and daily care hassles, (b) realignment of personal competence in activities of daily living, (c) harmonization of intra-familial relationship, and (d) active and proactive management of care issues. Families who failed in part or in whole to maintain these four features were ...

The present study was undertaken to examine the co- relation of antomic landmarks with the occlusal plane in the natural dentition that could be used for establishing the occlusal plane in complete dentures and to determine the consistency of these landmarks with the occlusal plane in both sexes and to check for any variation, if present. the landmarks used were: Camper''s plane, Interpupillary line, Linea alba buccalis, Retromolar pad.Three c...

In an increasingly globalized world, where both businesses and universities are adapting to cope with populations that are culturally and ethnically diverse, leadership theory must recognize the unique challenges faced by administrators in multicultural work and learning environments. Drawing upon research in leadership strategies, communication theory, and multicultural education, this book seeks to provide a meaningful and contextualized app...