How did the few women in science fare in the 1920s? How did they succeed in establishing themselves in this hitherto all-male domain? The volume describes the career of Charlotte Bühler (1892-1974), a development psychologist, who made it to the University of Vienna and there wrote history. The book describes her scientific career and the response at the time to her work, assessing her scientific oeuvre in the light of the status of the discipline of psychology and the work of her husband Karl Bühler, who was also a renowned psychologist. The volume is complemented by a satirical manuscript from the year 1929 which gives a comic portrayal of the state of the science of psychology at the time.