Paris Monographs in American Archaeology 10 This monograph discusses the opposition between maritime hunters and the pampas hunters of southernmost Patagonia. The various lithic technologies are investigated and a detailed analysis given of the operating chains of tool making, tool-economies and cultural patterns. The final section assesses these different patterns and the various ways of interpreting convergences and variability in terms of cultural identity. The technical and cultural relationships highlighted lead to a new perception of the dichotomy between maritime and terrestrial hunters, and of the cultural uniformity of the first maritime populations in the 6th millennium BP in South Patagonia.